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The AFI 32-1065 (now AFMAN32-1065)and other AFMAN maintain complete grounding functionality, including static, LPS, and other grounding. We have extensive knowledge and experience in all of these areas.
The AFI 32-1065 (now AFMAN32-1065)and other AFMAN maintain complete grounding functionality, including static, LPS, and other grounding. We have extensive knowledge and experience in all of these areas.
If you've had lightning strikes in your area or are due for inspections, don't hesitate to contact us.
SLP has created Compliance Action Plans (CAPs), which are ready to be used in the field for AFI 32-1065 (now AFMAN32-1065) compliance. We are prepared to visit your installation. Also, check out the Ground Resistance Testing section.
SLP has created Compliance Action Plans (CAPs), which are ready to be used in the field for AFI 32-1065 (now AFMAN32-1065) compliance. We are prepared to visit your installation. Also, check out the Ground Resistance Testing section.
Taken directly out of the methodology section of our AFI 32-1065 CAP plan
Taken directly out of the methodology section of our AFI 32-1065 CAP plan
Testing was accomplished under AFI32-1065 (now AFMAN32-1065) with consideration of NFPA 780 and IEEE-81.
Testing was accomplished under AFI32-1065 (now AFMAN32-1065) with consideration of NFPA 780 and IEEE-81.
Earth Resistance Testing-Ground testing device-AEMC 4620 utilized for 3-point fall of potential ground testing
Earth Resistance Testing-Ground testing device-AEMC 4620 utilized for 3-point fall of potential ground testing
and bonding.
and bonding.
Standards of Testing Utilized:
Standards of Testing Utilized:
Visual Inspections of Lightning Protection Systems. The inspector will inspect all visible parts of the system. (T-1).
Visual Inspections of Lightning Protection Systems. The inspector will inspect all visible parts of the system. (T-1).
Pulling or tugging on conductors and connections to ensure soundness is a necessary part of these inspections, but be careful not to damage the system in the process.
Pulling or tugging on conductors and connections to ensure soundness is a necessary part of these inspections, but be careful not to damage the system in the process.
Visual/physical inspection must determine if:
Visual/physical inspection must determine if:
9.1. The system is in good repair.
9.1. The system is in good repair.
9.2. Loose connections might be causing high-resistance joints.
9.2. Loose connections might be causing high-resistance joints.
9.3. Corrosion or vibration has weakened any part of the system.
9.3. Corrosion or vibration has weakened any part of the system.
9.4. Down conductors, roof conductors, ground terminals and all other components are intact, air terminals exceeding 24 inches in length are supported at a point not less than one-half their length, and no components or fasteners are missing.
9.4. Down conductors, roof conductors, ground terminals and all other components are intact, air terminals exceeding 24 inches in length are supported at a point not less than one-half their length, and no components or fasteners are missing.
9.5. Braided bonding wires or straps are excessively frayed (cross-sectional area reduced by (half).
9.5. Braided bonding wires or straps are excessively frayed (cross-sectional area reduced by (half).
9.6. Ground wires/down conductors, air terminals (for earth-covered magazines [ECM]), masts, or poles are/have been damaged by mowers, equipment, or vehicles.
9.6. Ground wires/down conductors, air terminals (for earth-covered magazines [ECM]), masts, or poles are/have been damaged by mowers, equipment, or vehicles.
9.7. Conductors and system components are securely fastened to mounting surfaces. Position connections to better protect against accidental displacement. Adhesive-type fasteners are not allowed.
9.7. Conductors and system components are securely fastened to mounting surfaces. Position connections to better protect against accidental displacement. Adhesive-type fasteners are not allowed.
9.8. Project additions or alterations to the protected structure require additional protection. See UFC 3-575-01.
9.8. Project additions or alterations to the protected structure require additional protection. See UFC 3-575-01.
9.9. Surge protective devices (SPDs) supporting facilities and facility service appear damaged or indicator lamps signal an operation has occurred. Note: Inspection, repair, and replacement of SPDs protecting equipment are the responsibility of the equipment owner or user.
9.9. Surge protective devices (SPDs) supporting facilities and facility service appear damaged or indicator lamps signal an operation has occurred. Note: Inspection, repair, and replacement of SPDs protecting equipment are the responsibility of the equipment owner or user.
9.10. The system complies with the intent of applicable sections of the most recent version of NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems, unless otherwise noted in this AFI. (T-1).
9.10. The system complies with the intent of applicable sections of the most recent version of NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems, unless otherwise noted in this AFI. (T-1).
10. Visual Inspection of Facility Grounds. Unless otherwise specified by references in Table 1, conduct visual inspections as follows. Inspect all visible and accessible parts of the facility grounding system. Validate satisfactory condition and verify the installation meets NEC requirements (T-1). Typical items to check include:
10. Visual Inspection of Facility Grounds. Unless otherwise specified by references in Table 1, conduct visual inspections as follows. Inspect all visible and accessible parts of the facility grounding system. Validate satisfactory condition and verify the installation meets NEC requirements (T-1). Typical items to check include:
10.1. The system is in good repair.
10.1. The system is in good repair.
10.2. No loose connections are visible.
10.2. No loose connections are visible.
10.3. The system neutral is grounded at the service entrance. This may be achieved either by bonding the neutral bus to the ground bus in the main distribution panel or by connection to the grounding electrode (single-point ground) for the facility.
10.3. The system neutral is grounded at the service entrance. This may be achieved either by bonding the neutral bus to the ground bus in the main distribution panel or by connection to the grounding electrode (single-point ground) for the facility.
10.4. Separately derived systems are properly grounded.
10.4. Separately derived systems are properly grounded.
10.5. Flashover protection (bonding) is installed on insulating fittings on underground metallic pipelines entering the facility.
10.5. Flashover protection (bonding) is installed on insulating fittings on underground metallic pipelines entering the facility.
10.6. Grounding systems and static systems within the facility are bonded together at floor level or at or below ground level outside the building.
10.6. Grounding systems and static systems within the facility are bonded together at floor level or at or below ground level outside the building.
Section C—Grounding and Lightning Protection Requirements
Section C—Grounding and Lightning Protection Requirements
11. Introduction. This section covers requirements for grounding and lightning protection systems, including systems installed on or in areas such as explosives buildings, magazines, operating locations, and aircraft shelters. Use these requirements when inspecting to determine compliance and when repairing or modifying systems. See AFMAN 91-201, Explosive Safety Standards.
11. Introduction. This section covers requirements for grounding and lightning protection systems, including systems installed on or in areas such as explosives buildings, magazines, operating locations, and aircraft shelters. Use these requirements when inspecting to determine compliance and when repairing or modifying systems. See AFMAN 91-201, Explosive Safety Standards.
12. Testing and Inspecting Static and Lightning Protection Systems and Grounding.
12. Testing and Inspecting Static and Lightning Protection Systems and Grounding.
12.1. Procedures. Use Attachment 4 and Attachment 5 as a guide for establishing proper maintenance procedures and as a self-check prior to inspections.
12.1. Procedures. Use Attachment 4 and Attachment 5 as a guide for establishing proper maintenance procedures and as a self-check prior to inspections.
12.2. Inspection and Testing. Visually inspect and test the static, grounding, and lightning protection systems for buildings and facilities in accordance with Section A, Maintenance Policy, and Section B, Grounding Resistance and Continuity Tests and Visual Inspections, and the special requirements in this section. (T-1).
12.2. Inspection and Testing. Visually inspect and test the static, grounding, and lightning protection systems for buildings and facilities in accordance with Section A, Maintenance Policy, and Section B, Grounding Resistance and Continuity Tests and Visual Inspections, and the special requirements in this section. (T-1).
12.3. Records. Inspectors and testers will keep test and inspection records in accordance with DODD 6055.09-M-V2, Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards for a minimum of six inspection cycles. (T-1). Figure 1 is an example sketch of a grounding and lightning protection system with test points.
12.3. Records. Inspectors and testers will keep test and inspection records in accordance with DODD 6055.09-M-V2, Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards for a minimum of six inspection cycles. (T-1). Figure 1 is an example sketch of a grounding and lightning protection system with test points.
14.4. Lightning Protection for Explosives Facilities. AFMAN 91-201 identifies explosives facilities that require lightning protection systems. Use the basic practices in Attachment 4, with the following additions:
14.4. Lightning Protection for Explosives Facilities. AFMAN 91-201 identifies explosives facilities that require lightning protection systems. Use the basic practices in Attachment 4, with the following additions:
14.4.1. The system shall be designed for a 100-foot (30.5-meter) striking distance. (T-0). Note: an administrative, educational, or other non-explosives-type facility located within a weapons or munitions storage area may be designed for a 150-foot (45.7-meter) striking distance.
14.4.1. The system shall be designed for a 100-foot (30.5-meter) striking distance. (T-0). Note: an administrative, educational, or other non-explosives-type facility located within a weapons or munitions storage area may be designed for a 150-foot (45.7-meter) striking distance.
14.4.2. Installation of test wells or hand holes at corner grounding electrodes for existing connections to grounding electrodes is recommended to aid with access for testing unless conductors are exothermically welded to the grounding electrode and the exothermic weld is shown on record drawings.
14.4.2. Installation of test wells or hand holes at corner grounding electrodes for existing connections to grounding electrodes is recommended to aid with access for testing unless conductors are exothermically welded to the grounding electrode and the exothermic weld is shown on record drawings.
14.4.3. Replace existing bolted connectors on down conductors and roof conductors, when in need of repair, with high compression or exothermic-weld type connectors. Connections to air terminals are an exception, but they must be tight and in good repair. Bolted connections to aluminum bodies (such as vents) and to metal bodies for the purpose of bonding are also acceptable. Brazing to metal bodies is not allowed for new construction due to the possibility of a cold weld with inadequate strength. (T-0).
14.4.3. Replace existing bolted connectors on down conductors and roof conductors, when in need of repair, with high compression or exothermic-weld type connectors. Connections to air terminals are an exception, but they must be tight and in good repair. Bolted connections to aluminum bodies (such as vents) and to metal bodies for the purpose of bonding are also acceptable. Brazing to metal bodies is not allowed for new construction due to the possibility of a cold weld with inadequate strength. (T-0).
14.4.4. The metal framework of a structure shall be permitted to be utilized as an air terminal and main conductor of a lightning protection system if it is equal to or greater than 3⁄16 (0.188) inch (4.8 millimeters) in thickness and is electrically continuous, either inherently or made. (T-0).
14.4.4. The metal framework of a structure shall be permitted to be utilized as an air terminal and main conductor of a lightning protection system if it is equal to or greater than 3⁄16 (0.188) inch (4.8 millimeters) in thickness and is electrically continuous, either inherently or made. (T-0).
A6.1. Grounding System Resistance Test. Use the procedure described here or the procedure recommended by the test instrument manufacturer. (T-0). Figure A6.1 illustrates auxiliary probe locations for fall-of-potential ground resistance tests. Where possible, conduct this test at the corner of the building opposite the electrical service entrance. Exercise caution: underground metallic piping may influence readings. Position probes as far as possible from the grounding system under test. You may temporarily disconnect electrical service from other ground connections; however, make sure you reconnect the ground or a shock hazard will result. Connect the appropriate lead of a fall-of-potential meter to the grounding electrode (ground rod) at the test site. Place the potential reference probe at a distance greater than one-half the diagonal of the building under test, but not less than 25 feet (7.6 meters). Place the current reference probe 90 degrees from the potential reference probe (in a direction away from the facility under test) and the grounding electrode under test, and at a distance greater than one-half of the building diagonal but not less than 25 feet (7.6 meters) from the potential reference probe. Note that the distances between probes are equal. For buildings without a ground loop conductor, perform this test at each grounding electrode. Resistance at each grounding electrode should be less than 25 ohms (10 ohms for communications facilities). Periodic tests should be made at approximately the same time each year to minimize confusion resulting from seasonal changes.
A6.1. Grounding System Resistance Test. Use the procedure described here or the procedure recommended by the test instrument manufacturer. (T-0). Figure A6.1 illustrates auxiliary probe locations for fall-of-potential ground resistance tests. Where possible, conduct this test at the corner of the building opposite the electrical service entrance. Exercise caution: underground metallic piping may influence readings. Position probes as far as possible from the grounding system under test. You may temporarily disconnect electrical service from other ground connections; however, make sure you reconnect the ground or a shock hazard will result. Connect the appropriate lead of a fall-of-potential meter to the grounding electrode (ground rod) at the test site. Place the potential reference probe at a distance greater than one-half the diagonal of the building under test, but not less than 25 feet (7.6 meters). Place the current reference probe 90 degrees from the potential reference probe (in a direction away from the facility under test) and the grounding electrode under test, and at a distance greater than one-half of the building diagonal but not less than 25 feet (7.6 meters) from the potential reference probe. Note that the distances between probes are equal. For buildings without a ground loop conductor, perform this test at each grounding electrode. Resistance at each grounding electrode should be less than 25 ohms (10 ohms for communications facilities). Periodic tests should be made at approximately the same time each year to minimize confusion resulting from seasonal changes.
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